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Related Concept Videos

Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
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Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics

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From Sanger sequencing to genome databases and beyond.

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    Next-generation sequencing revolutionizes disease research, with open access genomic databases becoming crucial for scientific advancement. These tools accelerate discoveries across various medical fields.

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    Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis
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    Area of Science:

    • Genomics
    • Molecular Biology
    • Biotechnology

    Background:

    • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have dramatically improved the speed and scale of genomic data generation.
    • The application of NGS spans diverse research areas, including oncology, infectious diseases, and rare genetic disorders.

    Discussion:

    • The integration of NGS has led to significant breakthroughs in understanding disease mechanisms and identifying potential therapeutic targets.
    • The increasing volume of genomic data necessitates robust infrastructure for storage, analysis, and sharing.

    Key Insights:

    • NGS is a transformative tool driving innovation in biomedical research.
    • Open access genomic databases are essential for collaborative research and data democratization.

    Outlook:

    • Future research will likely focus on integrating multi-omics data with clinical information for precision medicine.
    • Continued advancements in sequencing technology and data analysis will further expand the scope of genomic research.