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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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This lesson delves into the conversion of alcohols to corresponding alkyl halides and the mechanism of action for different reagents. Typically, the hydroxyl group is first protonated to convert it to a stable leaving group. Consequently, based on the starting alcohol, the mechanism undergoes either of the nucleophilic substitution routes, SN1 or SN2. Tertiary alkyl halides are made using the two-step SN1 mechanism that occurs via a carbocation intermediate, which is stabilized by...
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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
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CO₂ Conversion by Membrane Reactors.

Adele Brunetti1, Enrica Fontananova1

  • 1Institute on Membrane Technology of the National Research Council (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci Cubo 17C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
|February 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Membrane reactors offer a promising route for carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture and conversion. This review highlights advancements and challenges in applying membrane reactor technology for CO₂ utilization in various chemical processes.

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Membrane reactors are advanced systems for chemical reactions and separations.
  • Carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture and utilization (CCU) is crucial for mitigating climate change.
  • Existing CO₂ conversion technologies face limitations in efficiency and scalability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a critical overview of recent achievements in CO₂ conversion using membrane reactors.
  • To explore new perspectives and identify limitations for large-scale applications.
  • To discuss low and high-temperature membrane reactor systems for CO₂ valorization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fundamental principles of membrane reactor technology.
  • Analysis of selected case studies for low-temperature (≤100 °C) CO₂ conversion (electrochemical and photocatalytic reactors).

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  • Examination of high-temperature (>100 °C) membrane-based CO₂ conversion examples (dry reforming of methane, CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol).

    • Main Results:

    • Membrane reactors show potential for efficient CO₂ capture and conversion into valuable products.
    • Electrochemical and photocatalytic membrane reactors are key systems for low-temperature CO₂ conversion.
    • High-temperature applications include dry reforming of methane and CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol.

    Conclusions:

    • Membrane reactor technology is a viable strategy for CO₂ utilization.
    • Further research is needed to overcome limitations for industrial-scale implementation.
    • Diverse applications exist for both low and high-temperature membrane reactors in CO₂ conversion.