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Plasmids in the environment.

A H Linton

    Schriftenreihe Des Vereins Fur Wasser-, Boden- Und Lufthygiene
    |January 1, 1988
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Plasmids, bacterial genetic elements, are widespread in environmental bacteria, carrying genes beyond antibiotic resistance. Their prevalence increased with antibiotic use, impacting various ecosystems and bacterial gene exchange.

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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental microbiology
    • Bacterial genetics
    • Molecular ecology

    Background:

    • Bacterial plasmids predate the antibiotic era but gained prominence due to antibiotic selection.
    • Plasmids carry diverse genes, not limited to antibiotic resistance, influencing bacterial traits.
    • Environmental factors like antibiotics and heavy metals exert selective pressures on plasmid-borne genes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the incidence and ecological role of plasmids in diverse environmental habitats.
    • To examine plasmid-mediated gene transfer and biological functions in natural settings.
    • To report on recent studies investigating plasmid dynamics in agricultural environments.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of plasmid occurrences in various ecosystems (water, soil, waste).

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  • Genetic analysis of Escherichia coli isolates from calf slurry using DNA probes.
  • Stability assessment of a recombinant plasmid in wild Escherichia coli released in a farm setting.

    • Main Results:

    • Plasmids are widely distributed in terrestrial and aquatic bacteria, often detected via resistance genes.
    • Selective pressure from antibiotics has significantly increased the prevalence of antibiotic resistance plasmids.
    • Studies indicate gene exchange occurs between bacterial serotypes in natural environments.

    Conclusions:

    • Plasmids are ubiquitous in environmental bacteria and play significant roles beyond antibiotic resistance.
    • Antibiotic use is a major driver for the increased prevalence of resistance plasmids in ecosystems.
    • Understanding plasmid ecology and transmissibility is crucial for environmental microbial studies.