What predicts the outcome in patients with intestinal ischemia? A single center experience

Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is associated with a mortality of 60-80%. Early diagnosis and rapid treatment have a decisive influence on therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of AMI markers on mortality, in order to better anticipate the clinical course and to initiate therapeutic steps at an early stage.

An analysis from our prospective database of 302 consecutive patients with AMI who were treated surgically in the Department of General Surgery between February 2003 and October 2014 was performed. Uni- and multivariate analysis of risk factors for mortality have been performed in the total cohort and in two subgroups according to their stay in intensive care unit (ICU) at the time of AMI diagnosis.

Of the 302 patients with AMI, 115 were in ICU at the time of diagnosis. Totally, 203 patients underwent computed tomography scan (CT-scan) of the abdomen for diagnosis and 68% of them showed specific signs of AMI. A total of 63 (21%) embolectomies were performed during the surgical procedure. The post-operative mortality rate was 68% (204 patients). Among survivors, 85 (87%) patients developed a short bowel syndrome in the post-operative course. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between mortality and preoperative lactate>3mmol/L, C-reactive protein>100mg/L and ICU stay at the time of AMI diagnosis.

Mortality of patients with AMI remains high. Elevated lactate, elevated C-reactive protein and ICU stay are factors associated with increased mortality. Their presence in a patient with suspicion of AMI should trigger a multidisciplinary management in emergency.