Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 29, 2026
Proximal Cadaveric Femur Preparation for Fracture Strength Testing and Quantitative CT-based Finite Element Analysis
Published on: March 11, 2017
File-splitting multilayer vs monolithic Y-TZP: Fatigue flexural strength and loading stresses by finite element
Ana Maria Estivalete Marchionatti1, Vinícius Felipe Wandscher2, Iana Lamadrid Aurélio1
1Oral Science Post Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Objective:
To compare file-splitting multilayer (fused and cemented) with monolithic Y-TZP on the fatigue flexural strength and finite element analysis (FEA) stresses. Additionally, to verify the effect of the material under tension in multilayer Y-TZP.
Methods:
Disc-shaped (diameter: 14.4mm; thickness: 1.4mm) monolithic Y-TZP (IPS e.max ZirCAD - Ivoclar Vivadent) and trilayer specimens with Y-TZP framework (IPS e.max ZirCAD), intermediate layer of fusion ceramic (IPS e.max CAD Crystall./Connect) or resin cement (Multilink Automix) and lithium disilicate veneer (IPS e.max CAD) were divided into five groups (n=20): monolithic Y-TZP (M), fused file-splitting with framework under tension (F-FT), cemented file-splitting with framework under tension (C-FT), fused file-splitting with veneer under tension (F-VT) and cemented file-splitting with veneer under tension (C-VT). Fatigue flexural strength was determined (piston-on-three ball) by the staircase approach (750,000 cycles; 20Hz). Mean and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. FEA was evaluated under the application of the experimental mean fatigue load.
Results:
The fatigue strength was statistically different for all groups. Means and CI (MPa) were: M - 405.92 (CI 397.58-414.26), F-FT - 377.73 (CI 374.59-380.88), C-FT - 346.54 (CI 340.62-352.46), F-VT - 154.79 (CI 151.86-157.72) and C-VT - 100.34 (CI 97.42-103.26). FEA tensile stresses were similar to the mean experimental values (up to ≅10MPa of variation), with the most discrepant calculated stresses for C-FT (≅20MPa higher than experimental result).
Significance:
Monolithic specimens showed the highest flexural fatigue strength and fused file-splitting resulted in higher fatigue strength than cemented file-splitting. Groups with the framework under tension exhibited higher flexural fatigue strength.
Related Concept Videos
01:16Flexural Stress
Hooke's Law states that within the material's elastic limits, stress is directly proportional to strain. In a member experiencing a bending moment, the strain at any point is relative to its distance...
01:22Fatigue Strength of Concrete
01:15Stress: General Loading Conditions
The shearing force, possessing potential directionality within the plane of the section, is simplified into two component forces running parallel to the x and y axes....
01:23Stresses under Combined Loadings
The process begins by slicing the tube at critical points and analyzing the internal forces and stress components at these sections, focusing on the centroid. Normal stresses, generated by axial forces and bending moments, are either compressive or tensile and vary across the section from...
03:05Acid Strength and Molecular Structure
In the absence of any leveling effect, the acid strength of binary compounds of hydrogen with nonmetals (A) increases as the H-A bond strength decreases down a group in the periodic table. For group 17, the order of increasing acidity is HF < HCl < HBr < HI. Likewise, for group 16, the order of increasing acid strength is H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te. Across a row in the periodic table, the acid strength of binary hydrogen compounds increases with increasing...
01:27Elements and Compounds
Elements
Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units. They are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot break down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions. There...