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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Real-time Video Projection in an MRI for Characterization of Neural Correlates Associated with Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain

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Nell2 regulates the contralateral-versus-ipsilateral visual projection as a domain-specific positional cue.

Chizu Nakamoto¹, Elaine Durward¹, Masato Horie²

¹Aberdeen Developmental Biology Group, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.

Development (Cambridge, England)

|February 13, 2019

Summary

Neural epidermal growth factor-like-like 2 (Nell2) guides retinal axons in mammals. Nell2 expression in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) ensures correct eye-specific connections, crucial for vision.

Keywords:

Axon guidance Domain-specific guidance cue Mouse Nel/Nell2 Retinogeniculate projection

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Mammalian binocular vision relies on precise eye-specific projections of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN).
The molecular mechanisms guiding these axons to form distinct contralateral and ipsilateral domains remain largely unknown.
Understanding these cues is vital for comprehending stereopsis development.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify molecular cues responsible for establishing eye-specific retinogeniculate projections.
To investigate the role of Nell2 in guiding RGC axons within the dLGN.

Main Methods:

Analysis of Nell2 expression patterns in the dLGN.
Generation and analysis of Nell2 mutant mice to observe RGC axon targeting.
In vitro experiments to assess the effect of Nell2 on RGC axon growth.

Main Results:

Nell2 is localized to the ipsilateral RGC axon termination zone in the dLGN.
Nell2 mutant mice exhibit aberrant contralateral RGC axon invasion and fragmented ipsilateral axon termination.
In vitro studies demonstrate Nell2 inhibits contralateral RGC axon growth but not ipsilateral.

Conclusions:

Nell2 functions as a key positional label in the dLGN, discriminating between contralateral and ipsilateral RGC axons.
Nell2 is essential for the proper formation of eye-specific retinogeniculate projections.
This finding advances our understanding of neural circuit development and visual processing.