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Related Concept Videos

pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles01:20

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Excitation-contraction coupling is a series of events that occur between generating an action potential and initiating a muscle contraction. It occurs at the triad, a structure found in skeletal muscle fibers that comprise a T-tubule and terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum on each side. These triads are visible in longitudinally sectioned muscle fibers. They are typically located at the A-I junction — the junction between the A and I bands of the sarcomere.
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Finding Electric Potential From Electric Field01:13

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For a system of charges, it is easy to calculate the system's potential because potential is a scalar quantity. However, in some instances where calculating the electric field is more straightforward than finding the potential, the electric field is used to calculate the system's potential. For a positive charge, the electric field is radially outward, and the potential is positive at any finite distance from the positive charge. In such an electric field, the motion away from the...
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Determining Electric Field From Electric Potential01:12

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The electric field and electric potential are related to each other. If the electric field at various points in the region of interest is known, it can be used to calculate the electric potential difference between any two points. Similarly, if the electric potential is known for various points, then it is possible to calculate the electric field.
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External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures
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Pulseless Electric Activity with Pre-Excitation.

Tsukasa Oshima1, Katsuhito Fujiu1,2, Jun Matsuda1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.

International Heart Journal
|February 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A patient with cardiac arrest was diagnosed with a fasciculoventricular accessory pathway (FVAP) and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. This case ruled out pre-excited atrial fibrillation and Brugada syndrome, highlighting rare cardiac conditions.

Keywords:
Brugada syndromeDelta wavePre-excited atrial fibrillationSudden cardiac arrest

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • A 41-year-old male presented with cardiac arrest, initially showing a delta wave on ECG suggestive of preexcitation syndrome.
  • Electrophysiological testing revealed inducible atrial fibrillation and a fasciculoventricular accessory pathway (FVAP).

Observation:

  • Pilsicainide administration for concealed Brugada syndrome evaluation reduced the delta wave without inducing Brugada-like ECG changes.
  • Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was easily induced via RV apex stimulation but ceased spontaneously and was refractory to defibrillation.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with FVAP and idiopathic VF, excluding pre-excited atrial fibrillation and Brugada syndrome.
  • This case underscores the diagnostic challenges in differentiating various cardiac arrhythmias.

Implications:

  • Accurate diagnosis of rare accessory pathways and ventricular arrhythmias is crucial for appropriate patient management.
  • Understanding the electrophysiological characteristics of FVAP is vital for preventing sudden cardiac death.