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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Quantifying the Mechanical Properties of the Endothelial Glycocalyx with Atomic Force Microscopy
Published on: February 21, 2013
Endothelial glycocalyx: Role in body fluid homeostasis and fluid management
Pankaj Kundra1, Shreya Goswami2
1Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
Abstract:
Endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) coating the luminal surface of vascular endothelium plays an essential role in maintaining the normal fluid homeostasis of the body. This highly fragile layer can be damaged by a number of pathophysiological conditions and interventions. Disease state management should be directed to maintain EGL integrity to improve patient's outcome. When intravenous (IV) fluids are used, appropriate type, rate and amount of fluid should be determined by the pathophysiology of the condition and measures to maintain the integrity of the EGL. This review depicts the structure and function of the EGL, its alteration in common pathological states and the rationale of IV fluid management to preserve EGL in such conditions.
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