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Genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Abhishek Purty1, Gerald Nestadt2, Jack F Samuels2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Indian Journal of Psychiatry
|February 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Genetics play a significant role in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), as confirmed by family and twin studies. Research is exploring specific genes and pathways, with newer technologies promising deeper insights into OCD

Keywords:
Candidate gene studyfamily studygeneticsgenome-wide association studylinkage studyobsessive-compulsive disordertwin study

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatric Genetics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibits familial aggregation, suggesting a genetic contribution to its heritability.
  • Previous research established the familial nature of OCD and its symptom dimensions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on the heritability of OCD.
  • To summarize findings from candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in OCD.
  • To highlight emerging techniques for investigating the genetic basis of OCD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of family and twin studies to establish heritability.
  • Analysis of candidate gene studies implicating specific neurotransmitter pathways.
  • Examination of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for significant genetic loci.

Main Results:

  • Family and twin studies confirm significant heritability of OCD.
  • Candidate gene studies suggest involvement of serotonergic, glutamatergic, and dopaminergic pathways.
  • GWAS have yielded limited significant results, potentially due to small sample sizes.

Conclusions:

  • The genetic basis of OCD is complex and supported by family studies.
  • Candidate gene approaches have identified potential pathways involved in OCD.
  • Future research using advanced techniques like gene expression, stem cells, and epigenetics is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of OCD genetics.