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Related Concept Videos

Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...
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Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

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Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
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MicroRNAs in Major Depressive Disorder.

Gabriel R Fries1, Wei Zhang1, Deborah Benevenuto1

  • 1Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|February 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show altered expression in major depressive disorder (MDD) and may be influenced by treatment. This review explores their role in MDD pathogenesis and therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
BiomarkersMajor depressive disorderMicroRNAsPathological mechanismsPatientsTreatment-induced effectsmiRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent, chronic psychiatric condition with limited treatment efficacy.
  • Current understanding of MDD pathophysiology is incomplete, necessitating novel therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current findings on microRNA (miRNA) alterations in MDD patients.
  • To discuss the role of miRNAs in MDD pathogenesis and treatment response.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating miRNA expression in MDD.
  • Analysis of research on miRNA's epigenetic regulatory functions.
  • Examination of treatment-induced changes in miRNA profiles.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests significant alterations in miRNA expression in tissues from MDD patients.
  • miRNAs are implicated in post-transcriptional gene regulation relevant to MDD.
  • Emerging data indicate miRNAs are modulated by antidepressant treatments.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs represent a promising area for understanding MDD.
  • miRNA-based biomarkers and therapeutics warrant further investigation for MDD.