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Neurologic Conditions: Dizziness and Vertigo
James E McKinley1, Allen Perkins2
1Crestwood Medical Center, 1 Hospital Drive Southwest, Huntsville, AL 35801.
FP Essentials
|February 13, 2019
Summary
Dizziness is a common symptom with many causes, including hypotension, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and Meniere disease. A targeted approach aids diagnosis and treatment, with specific maneuvers and lifestyle changes offering relief.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Otolaryngology
- Family Medicine
Background:
- Dizziness is a frequent complaint in family medicine and emergency departments.
- A broad differential diagnosis exists for dizziness, necessitating a systematic approach.
- Identifying the etiology is crucial for effective management and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the common causes of dizziness.
- To describe diagnostic approaches including history and physical examination.
- To discuss management strategies for various dizziness etiologies.
Main Methods:
- Review of common dizziness etiologies.
- Emphasis on targeted patient history and physical examination.
- Discussion of diagnostic indicators for intracranial pathology.
Main Results:
- Common causes include hypotension, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and Meniere disease.
- Strokes and malignancies are less common but serious causes.
- Imaging is reserved for suspected intracranial pathology.
Conclusions:
- A thorough history and physical exam are key to diagnosing dizziness.
- Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) often resolves spontaneously or with the Epley maneuver.
- Meniere disease management involves lifestyle changes, while vestibular migraine requires trigger avoidance and potential medication.
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