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Neurologic Conditions: Dizziness and Vertigo.

James E McKinley¹, Allen Perkins²

¹Crestwood Medical Center, 1 Hospital Drive Southwest, Huntsville, AL 35801.

|February 13, 2019

Summary

Dizziness is a common symptom with many causes, including hypotension, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and Meniere disease. A targeted approach aids diagnosis and treatment, with specific maneuvers and lifestyle changes offering relief.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Otolaryngology
Family Medicine

Background:

Dizziness is a frequent complaint in family medicine and emergency departments.
A broad differential diagnosis exists for dizziness, necessitating a systematic approach.
Identifying the etiology is crucial for effective management and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the common causes of dizziness.
To describe diagnostic approaches including history and physical examination.
To discuss management strategies for various dizziness etiologies.

Main Methods:

Review of common dizziness etiologies.
Emphasis on targeted patient history and physical examination.
Discussion of diagnostic indicators for intracranial pathology.

Main Results:

Common causes include hypotension, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and Meniere disease.
Strokes and malignancies are less common but serious causes.
Imaging is reserved for suspected intracranial pathology.

Conclusions:

A thorough history and physical exam are key to diagnosing dizziness.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) often resolves spontaneously or with the Epley maneuver.
Meniere disease management involves lifestyle changes, while vestibular migraine requires trigger avoidance and potential medication.