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Related Concept Videos

Confidence Interval for Estimating Population Mean01:25

Confidence Interval for Estimating Population Mean

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A point estimate of the population mean is obtained from a single sample. Such a point estimate does not represent a population well because it needs to account for variability in the population. Single point estimate can also be biased despite the sample being selected randomly. Thus, a point estimate is often unreliable. A confidence interval is needed to reduce this unreliability.
A confidence interval for the mean is a range of values that provides an estimate of the population mean. As the...
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Prediction Intervals01:03

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The interval estimate of any variable is known as the prediction interval. It helps decide if a point estimate is dependable.
However, the point estimate is most likely not the exact value of the population parameter, but close to it. After calculating point estimates, we construct interval estimates, called confidence intervals or prediction intervals. This prediction interval comprises a range of values unlike the point estimate and is a better predictor of the observed sample value, y. 
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Population Growth00:57

Population Growth

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Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.
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What is Population Genetics?01:25

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A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
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Confidence Intervals01:21

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An unbiased point estimate is often insufficient to predict a population estimate, such as population mean or population proportion. In this scenario, a confidence interval is used. A confidence interval is an estimate similar to a  sample proportion. However, unlike the point estimate which is a single value, the confidence interval  contains a range of values. These values have lower and upper limits, known as confidence limits, and can be designated as L1 and L2, respectively.
A...
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Conservation of Small Populations02:04

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Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
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Assaying Blood Cell Populations of the Drosophila melanogaster Larva
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Narrowed reference intervals for complete blood count in a multiethnic population.

Seungok Lee1,2, Chui Mei Ong3, Yu Zhang3

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea.

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
|February 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complete blood count (CBC) reference intervals (RIs) vary significantly by race/ethnicity. Tailoring CBC RIs for diverse populations improves diagnostic accuracy and advances precision medicine.

Keywords:
complete blood countmultiethnic populationrace/ethnicityreference interval

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Hematology
  • Population Health

Background:

  • Biological variation studies reveal narrow within-individual and wide group variation in complete blood count (CBC) parameters.
  • This inherent variability presents challenges for the standard use of reference intervals (RIs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ethnic and racial differences in CBC RIs within a multiethnic patient cohort.
  • To enhance the clinical utility of CBC testing through race/ethnicity-specific RIs.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of outpatient CBC results from Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (April 2017 - January 2018).
  • Calculation of sex- and race/ethnicity-specific CBC RIs (2.5th to 97.5th percentiles) for 552 subjects across four racial/ethnic groups.
  • Statistical comparison of RIs among White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian individuals.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences (p<0.05) in RIs were observed among racial/ethnic groups for several CBC parameters.
  • In males, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) showed significant variations.
  • In females, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and MCHC exhibited significant differences across groups.

Conclusions:

  • Race/ethnicity-specific CBC RIs are crucial for accurate interpretation in multiethnic populations.
  • Implementing tailored RIs can lead to improved patient status assessment.
  • This approach is a step forward in achieving precision medicine.