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Lesson: Translation
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Evolutionary Changes after Translational Challenges Imposed by Horizontal Gene Transfer.

Stéphanie Bedhomme1, Dolors Amorós-Moya2, Luz M Valero3

  • 1CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, France.

Genome Biology and Evolution
|February 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) drives bacterial evolution by introducing new genes. Different versions of transferred genes cause distinct genomic and proteomic changes, enabling bacteria to adapt and explore novel functions.

Keywords:
antibiotic resistancecodon usage preferencescompensatory evolutionexperimental evolutionhorizontal gene transfer

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) can introduce new functions to recipient organisms.
  • Transferred genes may have suboptimal codon usage, hindering expression and function.
  • The impact of HGT on recipient genomes and proteomes is complex and context-dependent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genomic and proteomic adaptations in Escherichia coli following HGT of synonymous antibiotic resistance genes.
  • To analyze how different codon usage preferences of transferred genes influence bacterial evolution.
  • To understand the role of experimental conditions in shaping the evolutionary trajectory after HGT.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental evolution of Escherichia coli over 1,000 generations.
  • Introduction of three synonymous versions of an antibiotic resistance gene with distinct codon usage.
  • Comparative genomic and proteomic analyses under different selective pressures (with and without antibiotic).

Main Results:

  • Proteomic profiles and mutational patterns were significantly influenced by both the synonymous gene version and experimental conditions.
  • Acquisition of exogenous genes induced widespread proteomic changes, including alterations in global regulators and metabolism.
  • Mutations in DNA repair genes and genome plasticity (duplications) were observed, indicating adaptive evolution.
  • The extent of proteomic changes varied depending on the specific synonymous gene version transferred.

Conclusions:

  • HGT is a potent evolutionary force, driving rapid genotypic and phenotypic diversification in bacteria.
  • The recipient's adaptation involves profound reshaping of its existing genotype and phenotype, not just the acquisition of new functions.
  • Synonymous gene variants and environmental conditions critically modulate the adaptive response to HGT, highlighting evolutionary plasticity.