Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Self Within Cultural Contexts01:30

Self Within Cultural Contexts

235
Cultural frameworks for understanding the self are often categorized into two broad orientations: individualism and collectivism. These paradigms influence how people define themselves, relate to others, and interpret their social worlds. Each orientation offers distinct perspectives on autonomy, responsibility, and the role of the individual within a community.Individualistic CulturesIn individualistic cultures like North America and Western Europe, identity is understood as autonomous and...
235
Guidelines and Strategies for Safe Computer Charting01:18

Guidelines and Strategies for Safe Computer Charting

2.7K
The guidelines and strategies provided by the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) offer essential principles for ensuring safe and secure computer charting systems in healthcare settings. Let's break down each recommendation:
Maintain Confidentiality and Security:
2.7K
Impact of Social Context on Individuals01:21

Impact of Social Context on Individuals

315
Social psychology examines how the real or imagined presence of others influences individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. A key concept in this field is the role of social context in shaping behavior. The same individual may act differently depending on the social setting, due to the varying expectations and norms associated with each environment. This context-dependent behavior illustrates the influence of social roles, which prescribe appropriate conduct in specific situations.Social...
315
What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

128.8K
Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
128.8K
Vygotsky's Cognitive Development in Cultural Context01:22

Vygotsky's Cognitive Development in Cultural Context

1.0K
Lev Vygotsky, a pioneering Russian psychologist, developed a theory of cognitive development that centers on the influence of social and cultural factors. Unlike Jean Piaget, who emphasized the child's direct interaction with the physical world as key to development, Vygotsky argued that cognitive growth is an interpersonal process that unfolds within a cultural context. For Vygotsky, a child's learning cannot be separated from their social environment, which includes the values,...
1.0K
Antibiotic Selection00:57

Antibiotic Selection

59.9K
Overview
59.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Are arms-based methods required to test the stable unit treatment value assumption (SUTVA) among Cochrane reviews of contagious infection prevention interventions?

Global epidemiology·2026
Same author

Which trial do we need? The Selective Digestive Decontamination Herd Effects Estimation Trial (SHEET) study.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2026
Same author

Co-variation between blood stream infections with Candida species versus Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and other isolates among 60 ICU patient cohorts.

Medical mycology·2026
Same author

Arms-Based Meta-Analysis of Microbiological Endpoints of 88 VAP Prevention Studies Using Antimicrobial Versus Non-Antimicrobial Strategies-Towards 'VAP-Zero'?

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Two Decades of BSAC Resistance Surveillance.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy·2025
Same author

Testing the Stable Unit Treatment Variance Assumption (SUTVA) Within Cochrane Reviews of Antimicrobial-Based Pneumonia Prevention Interventions Among Mechanically Ventilated Patients Using Caterpillar Plots.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
06:04

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex

Published on: July 4, 2018

9.3K

Is selective decontamination (SDD/SOD) safe in the ICU context?

James C Hurley1,2

  • 1Rural Health Academic Center, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
|February 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Selective digestive decontamination (SDD) and selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD) show infection prevention benefits in ICU patients. However, unusually high control group event rates suggest potential confounding contextual effects, questioning overall ICU safety.

More Related Videos

A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats
13:24

A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats

Published on: September 19, 2014

13.3K
Transfection, Selection, and Colony-picking of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells TALEN-targeted with a GFP Gene into the AAVS1 Safe Harbor
07:28

Transfection, Selection, and Colony-picking of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells TALEN-targeted with a GFP Gene into the AAVS1 Safe Harbor

Published on: February 1, 2015

20.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex
06:04

Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex

Published on: July 4, 2018

9.3K
A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats
13:24

A Procedure to Observe Context-induced Renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned Alcohol-seeking Behavior in Rats

Published on: September 19, 2014

13.3K
Transfection, Selection, and Colony-picking of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells TALEN-targeted with a GFP Gene into the AAVS1 Safe Harbor
07:28

Transfection, Selection, and Colony-picking of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells TALEN-targeted with a GFP Gene into the AAVS1 Safe Harbor

Published on: February 1, 2015

20.5K

Area of Science:

  • Intensive Care Medicine
  • Infectious Disease Prevention
  • Clinical Research Methodology

Background:

  • Selective digestive decontamination (SDD) and selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD) are protocols aimed at reducing infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
  • Previous studies suggest these decontamination strategies offer significant infection prevention effects.
  • A notable discrepancy exists between infection event rates in control groups of SDD/SOD studies and historical literature data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential for confounding contextual effects influencing infection rates in studies evaluating SDD/SOD.
  • To address the paradoxical observation of unusually high event rates in control arms of SDD/SOD trials.
  • To question the overall safety and efficacy of SDD/SOD in the broader ICU setting until contextual factors are clarified.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of individual study data focusing on concurrent control groups within SDD/SOD trials.
  • Comparison of observed event rates (ventilator-associated pneumonia, bacteraemia, candidaemia) against established literature benchmarks.
  • Evaluation of the potential impact of 'contextual effects' as previously theorized.

Main Results:

  • Individual studies of SDD/SOD in ICU patients indicate strong infection prevention capabilities.
  • Concurrent control groups within these SDD/SOD studies exhibited unexpectedly high rates of key infection endpoints.
  • These high rates in controls suggest that SDD/SOD may possess significant, unacknowledged contextual effects.

Conclusions:

  • The observed high event rates in control groups raise concerns about the true safety and efficacy of SDD/SOD.
  • Contextual effects, potentially stronger than previously assumed, may be influencing study outcomes.
  • Further optimally designed research is required to isolate and address these contextual effects before widespread SDD/SOD implementation in ICUs can be deemed safe.