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Improved folate accumulation in genetically modified maize and wheat.

Qiuju Liang1, Ke Wang2, Xiaoning Liu1

  • 1Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|February 13, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Enhancing folate levels in staple crops like maize and wheat is crucial for human health. Metabolic engineering successfully boosted folate content in grains by over 5-fold using key soybean genes.

Keywords:
Aminodeoxychorismate synthaseGTP cyclohydrolase Ibiofortificationfolatesmaizewheat

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Metabolic Engineering

Background:

  • Folates are essential for one-carbon metabolism, and human deficiency causes severe health issues.
  • Improving folate status through dietary intake is challenging; enhancing folate in staple crops is a promising strategy.
  • Soybean genes encoding GTP cyclohydrolase I (GmGCHI) and aminodeoxychorismate synthase (GmADCS) are key for folate precursor synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance folate levels in major food crops (maize and wheat) using metabolic engineering.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of co-expressing soybean GmGCHI and GmADCS genes in transgenic grains.
  • To optimize folate enhancement in wheat through codon optimization and alternative gene sources.

Main Methods:

  • Cloned soybean GmGCHI and GmADCS genes and confirmed their function in Arabidopsis.
  • Co-expressed GmGCHI and GmADCS genes using endosperm-specific promoters in maize and wheat.
  • Optimized folate enhancement in wheat by co-transforming codon-optimized GmGCHI and tomato LeADCS genes under a wheat-specific promoter.

Main Results:

  • Gm8gGCHI showed higher pterin and folate production than Gm3gGCHI in transgenic Arabidopsis.
  • Co-expression of Gm8gGCHI and GmADCS increased folate levels by 4.2-fold in maize and 2.3-fold in wheat grains.
  • Optimized co-expression in wheat (codon-optimized Gm8gGCHI + LeADCS) resulted in a 5.6-fold increase in grain folate.

Conclusions:

  • Co-expression of GmGCHI and GmADCS genes significantly enhances folate levels in maize and wheat endosperm.
  • Metabolic engineering of folate biosynthesis pathways in staple crops is a viable strategy for improving nutritional value.
  • This approach holds potential for alleviating folate deficiency through biofortified food crops.