Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

A Standardized Procedure of Dressing Management for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
07:22

A Standardized Procedure of Dressing Management for Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Published on: March 14, 2025

1.1K

Pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis management in the era of standardization

Ildiko H Koves1, Catherine Pihoker2

  • 1b Seattle Children's Hospital, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA. ildiko.koves@seattlechildrens.org.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
|February 14, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Early recognition of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is crucial. Prompt assessment and management by primary care providers can prevent severe complications and fatalities.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a severe complication in children with new-onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), with up to 70% presenting with DKA.
  • DKA is the leading cause of mortality in pediatric T1DM patients, primarily due to cerebral edema.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the importance of early recognition of DKA in children with T1DM.
  • To highlight the role of primary care providers in initial assessment and management.
  • To outline a standardized approach for DKA management in both non-specialist and specialist settings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation and risk factors for DKA in pediatric T1DM.
  • Emphasis on early clinical symptoms like enuresis, polyuria, and polydipsia.
  • Recommendation for urgent referral and standardized management protocols.

Main Results:

  • Early identification of T1DM and DKA symptoms can significantly improve patient outcomes.
  • Timely intervention by primary care providers is essential to prevent life-threatening complications.
  • A standardized management approach is vital for successful DKA treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Increased awareness of early DKA symptoms in children with T1DM is critical for primary care providers.
  • Prompt clinical assessment and urgent referral to specialist centers are necessary for suspected T1DM/DKA cases.
  • Standardized management protocols are recommended for effective DKA care, reducing mortality and morbidity.

Keywords:
cerebral edemachildrendiabetes complicationsdiabetes-related costsdiabetic ketoacidosisreviewstandard management guideline

More Related Videos

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

18.5K
Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry03:37

Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry

Published on: June 6, 2025

455

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
1.1K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
3.5K
Standard Enthalpy of Formation02:37

Standard Enthalpy of Formation

Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
49.2K
Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
50.1K
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
259
Measurement: Standard Units03:38

Measurement: Standard Units

Every measurement provides three kinds of information: the size or magnitude of the measurement (a number), a standard of comparison for the measurement (a unit), and an indication of the uncertainty of the measurement. While the number and unit are explicitly represented when a quantity is written, the uncertainty is an aspect of the errors in the measurement results.
79.5K