mTOR Signaling in Cancer and mTOR Inhibitors in Solid Tumor Targeting Therapy

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Molecular Biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway regulates cell survival, metabolism, and growth.
• Aberrant mTOR signaling, driven by genetic alterations, is common in various cancers, promoting tumor initiation and progression.
• mTOR also plays a role in regulating autophagy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review mTOR signaling, its upstream and downstream factors, and genetic alterations in cancer.
• To discuss mTOR inhibitors as therapeutic strategies in eight solid tumors.
• To highlight the need for innovative therapies and biomarkers for personalized cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

• Review of scientific literature on mTOR signaling in cancer.
• Analysis of genetic alterations within the mTOR pathway.
• Examination of preclinical and clinical trial data for mTOR inhibitors.

Main Results:

• Hyperactivation of mTOR signaling promotes cancer cell proliferation and metabolism.
• mTOR inhibitors have been investigated in monotherapy and combination treatments for various cancers.
• Challenges include developing therapies with improved efficacy and reduced drug resistance.

Conclusions:

• Targeting the mTOR pathway is a significant strategy in cancer therapy.
• Personalized therapy approaches using biomarkers and advanced sequencing are essential for optimizing mTOR inhibitor efficacy.
• Further research is needed to overcome therapeutic resistance and enhance patient outcomes.