Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 29, 2026
07:30
Electromagnetic Navigation Transthoracic Nodule Localization for Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery
Published on: May 4, 2022
3.7K
Sex-Related Differences in Patients Undergoing Thoracic Aortic Surgery
Jennifer Chung1, Louis-Mathieu Stevens2, Maral Ouzounian1
1University of Toronto, Canada (J.C., M.O., M.D.P.).
Circulation
|February 14, 2019
Summary
Women experience worse outcomes after thoracic aortic surgery. Female sex independently predicts higher mortality and stroke rates, necessitating further research into sex-specific care strategies.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Surgery
- Thoracic Aortic Disease
- Sex-Based Medicine
Background:
- Surgical outcomes for thoracic aortic disease have improved.
- The impact of sex on these outcomes remains poorly understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate sex-related differences in outcomes after thoracic aortic surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 1653 patients undergoing thoracic aortic surgery between 2002 and 2017.
- Comparison of outcomes including in-hospital death, stroke, and a composite morbidity endpoint between sexes.
- Multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of outcomes.
Main Results:
- Women were older and had more comorbidities but underwent less aortic root reconstruction.
- Women experienced higher rates of mortality (11% vs 7.4%) and stroke (8.8% vs 5.5%).
- Female sex was an independent predictor for mortality, stroke, and composite morbidity.
Conclusions:
- Women face worse outcomes following thoracic aortic surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest.
- Further research is needed to identify interventions to reduce sex-based outcome disparities.
Related Concept Videos
01:15Thoracic Aorta
1.7K
The thoracic section of the aorta begins at the T5 vertebra and extends to the T12 level at the diaphragm, initially progressing through the mediastinum to the left of the spinal column. Throughout its course in the thoracic segment, the thoracic aorta emits various offshoots known collectively as visceral and parietal branches. The branches that predominantly supply blood to visceral organs are termed visceral branches and include bronchial, pericardial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries,...
1.7K
01:43Sex-linked Disorders
108.6K
Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
108.6K
01:17The Thoracic Cage: Sternum
6.0K
The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid...
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid...
6.0K
01:20The Thoracic Cage: Ribs
8.6K
Ribs are curved, flattened bones forming the thoracic cavity wall with the thoracic muscles. There are 12 pairs of thoracic ribs. The posterior ends of all the ribs articulate with the T1–T12 thoracic vertebrae. In contrast,the anterior ends of most ribs attach to the sternum via their costal cartilages.
Parts of a Typical Rib
A typical rib has a head, neck, and body. The posterior end of the rib is called the head, followed by a narrow neck. The head articulates primarily with the costal...
Parts of a Typical Rib
A typical rib has a head, neck, and body. The posterior end of the rib is called the head, followed by a narrow neck. The head articulates primarily with the costal...
8.6K
01:16Electric Potential and Potential Difference
5.7K
Suppose a positive test charge moves away from a positive static charge, then the Coulomb force does positive work, and its electric potential energy decreases. The potential energy per unit charge is defined as the electric potential. The electric potential is independent of the test charge.
When a test charge moves from the initial to the final position, the electric potential difference between those positions is defined as the ratio of the change in the potential energy to the charge on the...
When a test charge moves from the initial to the final position, the electric potential difference between those positions is defined as the ratio of the change in the potential energy to the charge on the...
5.7K
01:05Difference from Background: Limit of Detection
8.3K
The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from the background noise. The LOD value corresponds to the concentration at which the analyte signal is three times larger than the standard deviation of the blank signal. Below this value, the analyte signal cannot be differentiated from the background noise. It is calculated by dividing the calibration slope by 3 times the standard deviation of the blank signals.
The LOD indicates the presence or absence...
The LOD indicates the presence or absence...
8.3K