Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

32.7K
Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic...
32.7K
Osmoregulation in Insects01:47

Osmoregulation in Insects

17.6K
Malpighian tubules are specialized structures found in the digestive systems of many arthropods, including most insects, that handle excretion and osmoregulation. The tubules are typically arranged in pairs and have a convoluted structure that increases their surface area.
17.6K
Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

25.2K
Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
25.2K
Plant Hormones01:56

Plant Hormones

27.5K
Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.
27.5K
Meristems and Plant Growth02:36

Meristems and Plant Growth

49.4K
Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.
49.4K
Plant Cell Wall02:43

Plant Cell Wall

60.3K
The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.
60.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

FET proteins and PARylation-dependent condensates promote replication fork reversal and genome stability.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Genome-wide analysis of the NLR gene family in strawberry reveals a novel immune receptor architecture in Rosaceae.

BMC genomics·2026
Same author

Genome evolution through polyploidy: Enhancing plant stress resilience in agriculture.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Structure and sequence evolution in the pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) pangenome.

The New phytologist·2026
Same author

The Late Quaternary climate impact on the genome of the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca), a perennial herb.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Chromosome-scale genome assembly for yellow wood sorrel, Oxalis stricta.

G3 (Bethesda, Md.)·2026
Same journal

MT-MRI for detection of renal interstitial fibrosis in renovascular disease.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Detection of underground objects from GPR data using a lightweight YOLO-based approach.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Early systemic inflammatory-metabolic trajectory phenotypes are associated with survival outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Water balance components in a dry-seeded rice-wheat system: Untangling the effects of tillage and mulching practices.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Topological approaches to quantum tensor train compression via ZX-calculus and SVD.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

determinants of flood impacts and adaptive capacity among market vendors in Walukuba-Masese, Jinja city, Uganda.

Scientific reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Immunofluorescent Labeling of Plant Virus and Insect Vector Proteins in Hemipteran Guts
07:16

Immunofluorescent Labeling of Plant Virus and Insect Vector Proteins in Hemipteran Guts

Published on: May 14, 2021

2.1K

A galling insect activates plant reproductive programs during gall development.

Jack C Schultz1,2, Patrick P Edger3,4, Mélanie J A Body3,5

  • 1Division of Plant Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA. John.Schultz@utoledo.edu.

Scientific Reports
|February 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insect galls mimic plant reproductive structures. Phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) hijacks grapevine (Vitis riparia) genes, redirecting leaf development to form gall structures resembling carpels.

More Related Videos

Extrahepatic Bile Duct and Gall Bladder Dissection in Nine-Day-Old Mouse Neonates
06:10

Extrahepatic Bile Duct and Gall Bladder Dissection in Nine-Day-Old Mouse Neonates

Published on: August 23, 2022

2.5K
In vivo and In vitro Infection of Potato Roots with Plant Parasitic Nematodes for the Assessment of Induced Structural Changes
10:35

In vivo and In vitro Infection of Potato Roots with Plant Parasitic Nematodes for the Assessment of Induced Structural Changes

Published on: February 28, 2025

1.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Immunofluorescent Labeling of Plant Virus and Insect Vector Proteins in Hemipteran Guts
07:16

Immunofluorescent Labeling of Plant Virus and Insect Vector Proteins in Hemipteran Guts

Published on: May 14, 2021

2.1K
Extrahepatic Bile Duct and Gall Bladder Dissection in Nine-Day-Old Mouse Neonates
06:10

Extrahepatic Bile Duct and Gall Bladder Dissection in Nine-Day-Old Mouse Neonates

Published on: August 23, 2022

2.5K
In vivo and In vitro Infection of Potato Roots with Plant Parasitic Nematodes for the Assessment of Induced Structural Changes
10:35

In vivo and In vitro Infection of Potato Roots with Plant Parasitic Nematodes for the Assessment of Induced Structural Changes

Published on: February 28, 2025

1.0K

Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Entomology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Insect galls are plant growths providing insects with food and protection.
  • Many galls resemble flowers or fruits, suggesting involvement of plant reproductive development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if gall formation involves the redirection of plant reproductive development.
  • To quantify transcriptional responses in wild grapevine leaves induced by phylloxera.

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing was used to compare gene expression in galled versus ungalled grapevine leaves.
  • Gene ontology analysis focused on reproductive development categories.

Main Results:

  • Reproductive gene ontology categories were significantly enriched in developing galls.
  • Expression of floral development genes increased significantly, especially in later gall stages.
  • Gene expression patterns suggest phylloxera redirects leaf development towards carpel formation.

Conclusions:

  • Phylloxera exploits grapevine's vascular cambium and meristematic tissue.
  • The phylloxera leaf gall mimics carpel development through host genetic machinery manipulation.