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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
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Isolating Malignant and Non-Malignant B Cells from lck:eGFP Zebrafish
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Malignant Otitis Externa and Stroke.

Marta Catarino Manso1, Simão C Rodeia1, Sofia Rodrigues1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Lisboa, Portugal.

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
|February 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malignant otitis externa (MOE), an aggressive skull base osteomyelitis, requires early diagnosis and prompt treatment. This case highlights Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection leading to severe neurological symptoms, successfully managed with antibiotics and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Keywords:
Malignant otitis externainternal carotid vasculitisskull base osteomyelitisstroke

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Malignant otitis externa (MOE) is an aggressive infection that can progress to skull base osteomyelitis.
  • Early recognition and prompt treatment are crucial for successful outcomes in MOE.
  • MOE can present with diverse neurological symptoms due to local spread.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of malignant otitis externa presenting with neurological deficits.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and multimodal treatment for MOE.
  • To illustrate the diagnostic utility of advanced imaging in MOE.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of an 81-year-old female with hemiparesis and hemianopia.
  • Diagnostic workup included head and neck imaging (MRI) and microbiological cultures.
  • Treatment involved parenteral antibacterial therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Main Results:

  • Imaging revealed ischemic infarction and a parapharyngeal soft tissue mass secondary to ear infection.
  • Cultures identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the causative agent of MOE.
  • The patient showed clinical improvement following treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Malignant otitis externa is a life-threatening condition necessitating early identification and intervention.
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen in MOE, capable of causing extensive local spread.
  • Advanced imaging modalities like MRI and nuclear medicine are valuable for assessing disease extent and prognosis.