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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

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Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

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Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
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CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Focal Cortical Lesions by Photothrombosis
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Stroke Mimic Caused by Acetazolamide.

Tiago Manuel Mendes1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Unidade Local de Saude do Alto Minho, Hospital Conde de Bertiandos, Ponte do Lima, Portugal.

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
|February 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acetazolamide can cause iatrogenic ataxia, a condition mimicking stroke. Promptly suspecting drug side effects is crucial for accurate diagnosis and patient recovery.

Keywords:
Acetazolamideataxiastroke mimic

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Stroke mimics present diagnostic challenges in emergency settings.
  • Iatrogenic causes of neurological deficits require careful consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of iatrogenic ataxia.
  • To highlight acetazolamide as a potential cause of stroke mimics.

Main Methods:

  • A case study of an 86-year-old male presenting with stroke-like symptoms.
  • Diagnostic workup included CT and MRI scans.
  • Acetazolamide was identified as the likely causative agent and discontinued.

Main Results:

  • The patient exhibited confusion, dizziness, disequilibrium, and slurred speech after starting acetazolamide.
  • Initial CT scan was unremarkable for stroke.
  • Discontinuation of acetazolamide led to gradual neurological improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Focal neurological deficits, even with sudden onset, are not always indicative of stroke.
  • A thorough patient history and consideration of drug-induced side effects are vital for differential diagnosis.
  • Prompt identification and management of iatrogenic causes can prevent misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate treatment.