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Relapse prevention interventions for smoking cessation.

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Relapse prevention interventions show mixed results. Extended varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) may help prevent smoking relapse, while behavioral interventions show no benefit.

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Many smokers successfully quit but frequently relapse over time.
  • Effective interventions are needed to support long-term smoking cessation and prevent relapse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of specific interventions in preventing relapse among recent smokers.
  • To determine if relapse prevention strategies reduce the rate of return to smoking.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials.
  • Searched multiple databases for studies on smoking relapse prevention and maintenance.
  • Included studies with a minimum six-month follow-up, comparing interventions against controls or enhanced cessation programs.

Main Results:

  • Analyzed 77 studies with 67,285 participants; 21 studies had a high risk of bias.
  • Extended varenicline and rimonabant showed benefits in assisted abstainers; NRT showed benefits in unaided abstainers.
  • Behavioral interventions did not demonstrate a significant effect in preventing relapse across various populations.

Conclusions:

  • Extended varenicline treatment appears effective for preventing smoking relapse in assisted quitters.
  • Evidence for extended bupropion and NRT in assisted quitters was inconclusive or showed no benefit.
  • Further research is necessary, particularly on extended NRT for unassisted quitters, as some evidence suggests a benefit.