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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Construction of Cyclic Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Enhanced Penetration of Biological Barriers
Published on: September 19, 2022
α/β-Chimera peptide synthesis with cyclic β-sugar amino acids: the efficient coupling protocol
Adrienn Nagy1, Viktória Goldschmidt Gőz2, István Pintér1
1Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Stny. 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
Abstract:
The synthesis of α/β-chimeras comprises peptide bond formation from α- to β-, from β- to β-, and from β- to α-amino acid residues. The fine-tuned solid phase synthesis of -GXXG- chimera peptides containing the simplest achiral α-amino acid glycine and two cyclic SAAs of different ring size [X denoting cyclic β-Sugar Amino Acids (β-SAA)] is reported, variants containing Fmoc-RibAFU(ip)-OH a furanoid-, and Fmoc-GlcAPU(Me)-OH a pyranoid-type structural "Lego-element". Systematic search for the best coupling strategy with both H-β-SAA-OHs is described, including the comparison of the different coupling reagents and conditions. Selecting the optimal reagent (from commonly used PyBOP, HATU and HOBt) was assisted by time-resolved 1H-NMR: formation and stability of the Fmoc protected active esters were compared. We found that PyBOP is the best choice for successfully coupling both H-β-SAA-OH prototypes. The present comparative results open a reasonable route for building efficiently various -β-SAA- containing homo- and heterooligomers.
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