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Social media usage patterns during natural hazards.

Meredith T Niles1,2, Benjamin F Emery3, Andrew J Reagan4

  • 1Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America.

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Social media, particularly Twitter, is crucial for disaster communication. During extreme weather events, average users, not just influencers, drive information sharing for preparation and recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Sociology
  • Communication Studies

Background:

  • Natural hazards are increasing in cost due to climate change and development.
  • Social media is increasingly used for disaster communication, but research often focuses on single events.
  • Understanding social media's role in disaster resilience is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze social media (Twitter) use during five major US disasters.
  • To investigate the frequency of food-security terms and network size impact on information sharing.
  • To compare Twitter activity across different disaster types.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Twitter data from five costly US disasters (Hurricanes Irene/Sandy, tornadoes, Louisiana floods).
  • Examination of generic and specific food-security related terms.
  • Quantification of the relationship between network size and Twitter activity.

Main Results:

  • Tweet volume and keyword usage varied by disaster type (e.g., hurricane preparation vs. tornado/flood real-time info).
  • Users shared general disaster, preparation, and recovery terms.
  • Individuals with average network sizes were most active in sharing information.

Conclusions:

  • Average social media users are key communicators during disasters, not just influencers.
  • Disaster communication strategies should consider disaster type and target audience.
  • Social media analysis provides valuable insights for enhancing disaster preparedness and response.