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First Report of Pyrenophora seminiperda in Turkey and Greece
T E Stewart1, P S Allen1, S E Meyer2
1Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604.
Plant Disease
|February 15, 2019
Summary
Pyrenophora seminiperda, a grass seed pathogen, was identified in Turkey and Greece. This finding suggests the pathogen may be widespread in Eurasia and potentially introduced to North America via Bromus tectorum seeds.
Area of Science:
- Plant Pathology
- Mycology
- Botany
Background:
- Pyrenophora seminiperda is a generalist seed pathogen affecting grasses.
- Its known distribution is primarily in temperate grasslands, deserts, and cereal-growing regions globally.
- Previous reports lacked recent data from Eastern Europe and Asia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and confirm the presence of Pyrenophora seminiperda in Turkey and Greece.
- To analyze the genetic and morphological characteristics of the pathogen isolates.
- To assess the pathogenicity of the identified isolates.
Main Methods:
- Morphological characterization of nine pathogen isolates cultured on V8 agar.
- Ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genetic sequencing for precise identification.
- Pathogenicity tests conducted on Bromus tectorum seeds using cultured conidia.
Main Results:
- Morphological analysis revealed characteristics consistent with Pyrenophora seminiperda anamorph.
- ITS sequencing confirmed the identity of isolates and matched North American haplotypes (HTA, HTJ, HTC).
- Pathogenicity tests resulted in stromata development on over 90% of inoculated seeds and up to 34% mortality.
Conclusions:
- Morphological and genetic data conclusively demonstrate the occurrence of Pyrenophora seminiperda in Turkey and Greece.
- The pathogen's presence in these regions suggests a broader distribution across Eurasia.
- Findings support the hypothesis that P. seminiperda may have been introduced to North America via Bromus tectorum seeds.
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