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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter
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Leaf litter microbial decomposition in salinized streams under intermittency.

Ana Lúcia Gonçalves1, Sara Simões1, Felix Bärlocher2

  • 1Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.

The Science of the Total Environment
|February 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Freshwater salinization and drought harm stream ecosystems. This study found that while salinization reduced fungal biomass and reproduction, drought slowed leaf decomposition, with combined effects impacting stream food webs.

Keywords:
Aquatic hyphomycetesDecompositionDroughtSaltStreams

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Human activities are increasing freshwater salinization globally.
  • Climate change exacerbates drought, potentially worsening salinization in streams.
  • The combined impacts of salinization and drought on stream ecosystem functioning remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined effects of different drought regimes and salinization levels on oak leaf decomposition in freshwater microcosms.
  • To assess the impact on microbial communities, specifically fungi, involved in decomposition.

Main Methods:

  • A microcosm experiment was conducted over ten weeks.
  • Three drought regimes (abrupt, slow, very slow transition to dryness) and three salinization levels (0, 4, 6 g/L NaCl) were applied.
  • Oak leaf decomposition, microbial respiration, fungal biomass, diversity, and sporulating capacity were measured.

Main Results:

  • Salinization did not significantly affect leaf mass loss or microbial respiration.
  • Salinization significantly reduced fungal biomass and eliminated sporulating capacity.
  • Drought negatively impacted leaf decomposition across all regimes.
  • Abrupt drought (AD) conditions led to lower fungal biomass, diversity, and conidial production, amplified by higher salinization levels (6 g/L).

Conclusions:

  • Drought intensity and salinization level interact to affect decomposer communities and stream ecosystem processes.
  • The rate of drying influences the impact of desiccation on microbial activity.
  • These combined stressors pose a threat to the survival and activity of stream decomposers, impacting detrital food web dynamics.