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Neonicotinoid Insecticides Alter the Transcriptome of Soybean and Decrease Plant Resistance.

Jason A Wulff1, Mahnaz Kiani2, Karly Regan3

  • 1Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. jsnwlff@gmail.com.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|February 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonicotinoids harm soybean plants by downregulating crucial defense genes, increasing susceptibility to spider mites. Seed-applied thiamethoxam showed more severe effects on plant resistance.

Keywords:
Glycine maxTetranychus cinnabarinusimidaclopridspider mitesthiamethoxam

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Entomology
  • Plant Biology

Background:

  • Neonicotinoids are systemic insecticides linked to increased spider mite outbreaks.
  • These insecticides may alter plant physiology, enhancing spider mite performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how neonicotinoids affect soybean gene expression and reduce plant resistance.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying neonicotinoid-induced susceptibility to spider mites.

Main Methods:

  • Soybean plants (Glycine max) were treated with thiamethoxam (seed) or imidacloprid (soil drench).
  • Gene expression was analyzed using RNA-Seq.
  • Plants were exposed to spider mites (Tetranychus cinnabarinus).

Main Results:

  • Both insecticides downregulated genes in plant-pathogen interactions, phytohormone pathways, phenylpropanoid pathway, and cell wall biosynthesis.
  • Thiamethoxam exhibited more pronounced downregulation effects.
  • Spider mites partially restored gene induction in imidacloprid-treated plants, but phenylpropanoid synthesis genes remained downregulated in thiamethoxam-treated plants.

Conclusions:

  • Neonicotinoids suppress plant genes involved in arthropod interactions and defense.
  • Downregulation of cell wall biosynthesis genes may contribute to reduced plant resistance to spider mites.
  • Neonicotinoids applied to soybean seeds have particularly significant impacts on plant defense pathways.