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Experimental urolithiasis in the bladder of rats
S Takahashi1, K Okada, L Lelkes
1Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway 08854.
The Japanese Journal of Experimental Medicine
|December 1, 1988
Summary
Urolith formation in rats requires a combination of bladder foreign bodies, infection, and high urine osmolality. Removing any one factor significantly reduces stone development and bladder tissue changes.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Nephrology
- Pathology
Background:
- Vesical foreign bodies are known to promote urolith formation.
- Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus, lacking antidiuretic hormone (ADH), do not readily form stones.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the combined roles of vesical foreign bodies, urine osmolality, and infection in urolith formation.
- To assess associated reactive urothelial hyperplasia.
Main Methods:
- Surgically implanted bladder foreign bodies (silk sutures) in ADH-deficient Brattleboro rats.
- Intravesical infection with P. vulgaris or sterile Ringer's solution.
- Daily injections of pitressin tannate or peanut oil to manipulate urine osmolality.
- Analysis of urine parameters, cultures, and bladder histology at 4 weeks.
Main Results:
- Uroliths readily formed when all three factors (foreign body, high urine osmolality, infection) were present.
- Stone formation was less frequent with two or fewer of these factors.
- Prominent urothelial hyperplasia occurred in infected bladders, followed by non-infected bladders with high and low osmolar urine, respectively.
Conclusions:
- A combination of vesical foreign bodies, high urine osmolality, and infection is crucial for efficient urolith formation.
- These factors also influence the severity of reactive urothelial hyperplasia.