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Elevated Plasma Ceramides Are Associated With Antiretroviral Therapy Use and Progression of Carotid Artery
Wei Zhao1, Xueyin Wang1,2, Amy A Deik3
1Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (W.Z., X.W., D.B.H., T.W., K.A., R.C.K.).
Circulation
|February 15, 2019
Summary
Elevated plasma ceramides, particularly C16:0 and C24:1, are linked to increased cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with HIV. These findings highlight ceramides as potential biomarkers for atherosclerosis progression in this population.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Ceramides are implicated in HIV pathophysiology and cardiovascular disease.
- No prior studies have assessed circulating ceramide levels and subclinical cardiovascular disease risk in HIV-infected individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the association between plasma ceramide levels and the risk of carotid artery plaque formation in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals.
Main Methods:
- Plasma levels of four ceramide species were measured in participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study and the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.
- Carotid artery plaque formation was assessed using ultrasound over a median 7-year follow-up period.
Main Results:
- HIV-infected individuals had significantly higher levels of C16:0, C22:0, and C24:1 ceramides.
- Elevated C16:0 and C24:1 ceramides were associated with increased risk of carotid artery plaque formation, even after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and immune activation.
- Ceramide levels correlated with antiretroviral therapy use, cholesterol levels, and markers of immune activation.
Conclusions:
- Elevated plasma C16:0 and C24:1 ceramides are associated with increased risk of carotid artery atherosclerosis in HIV cohorts.
- These ceramides correlate with immune activation and inflammation, suggesting a role in HIV-related cardiovascular complications.
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