Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...

GTPases and their Regulation

GTPases and their Regulation

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒ small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins,...

Bacterial Transformation

Bacterial Transformation

In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...

Master Transcription Regulators

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...

The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

OT-55 reshapes tolerogenic BH3-mimetic-induced apoptosis toward immunogenic cell death in acute myeloid leukemia, potentiating PD-1/Tim-3 blockade.

Cell death & disease·2026

Same author

Oxidative stress drives liver failure during in vivo partial reprogramming.

Molecules and cells·2026

Same author

Human amygdala-like telencephalic organoids model stress circuitry in assembloid systems.

Cell stem cell·2026

Same author

Dysregulation of Hippo Signaling Pathway as a Convergent Mechanism Underlying Choroid Plexus Defects in Bipolar Disorder.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Relationships between smartphone overdependence, self-concept, and mental health among Korean adolescents: Structural equation modelling.

BMC psychology·2026

Same author

Defective autophagy in GNE myopathy is rescued by inhibition of noncanonical Akt-mTORC1 activation across multiple isogenic models.

Experimental & molecular medicine·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

Published on: April 21, 2023

Low dose radiation regulates BRAF-induced thyroid cellular dysfunction and transformation.

Neha Kaushik¹, Min-Jung Kim², Nagendra Kumar Kaushik³

¹Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.

Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS

|February 15, 2019

Summary

Low dose radiation upregulates PAX8, restoring thyroid cell differentiation and iodine uptake in BRAF-mutated thyroid cancer. This finding suggests a new therapeutic strategy for iodide-refractive thyroid disease.

Keywords:

Low dose radiation, LDR Paired-box domain 8, PAX8 Thyroglobulin, TG Thyroid cancer miR-330-5p

More Related Videos

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

Low-Dose Gamma Radiation Sterilization for Decellularized Tracheal Grafts

Low-Dose Gamma Radiation Sterilization for Decellularized Tracheal Grafts

Published on: April 14, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

Published on: April 21, 2023

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

Low-Dose Gamma Radiation Sterilization for Decellularized Tracheal Grafts

Low-Dose Gamma Radiation Sterilization for Decellularized Tracheal Grafts

Published on: April 14, 2023

Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Radiotherapy

Background:

Differentiated thyroid cells are crucial for radioactive iodide treatment efficacy.
Loss of differentiation leads to iodide-refractive thyroid cancer.
BRAF mutations are common in thyroid cancer and linked to treatment resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of low and high doses of ionizing radiation on thyroid iodine-metabolizing genes in BRAF-mutated thyroid cancer cells.
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying radiation's impact on these cells.

Main Methods:

Detection of thyroid iodine-metabolizing gene levels in BRAF-transformed thyroid cells post-irradiation.
Utilizing an mRNA-targeted approach to analyze radiation effects.
Investigating low (0.01Gyx10 or 0.1Gy) and high (2Gy) radiation doses.

Main Results:

Low dose radiation (LDR) induced PAX8 upregulation.
LDR-induced PAX8 restored sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) expression and other thyroid metabolizing genes.
LDR-induced PAX8 decreased cellular transformation in BRAF-mutated thyroid cells.

Conclusions:

LDR-induced PAX8 plays a critical role in suppressing thyroid carcinogenesis.
A novel STAT3/miR-330-5p pathway is implicated in LDR-induced PAX8's function.
These findings offer a potential therapeutic strategy for BRAF-mutated thyroid cancer.