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A mixed vertebrate eggshell assemblage from the Transylvanian Late Cretaceous.

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This study reveals the earliest known vertebrate nest sharing from the Late Cretaceous. Four distinct taxa, including birds, crocodylomorphs, and lizards, nested together in Romania.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Vertebrate Paleontology
  • Paleoecology

Background:

  • Colonial nesting in enantiornithine birds was previously identified at a Late Cretaceous Romanian fossil site.
  • The fossil record offers limited evidence of multi-taxon nesting behaviors in extinct vertebrates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the earliest known instance of multi-taxon vertebrate nesting.
  • To analyze the paleoecology of a unique Late Cretaceous nesting site in Romania.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of three-dimensionally preserved fossil material, including eggshells and osteological remains.
  • Identification and comparison of eggshell morphotypes.
  • Reconstruction of the paleoecological context based on fossil associations.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of a Late Cretaceous multi-taxon nesting site in Romania.
  • Evidence of at least four vertebrate taxa (enantiornithine birds, indeterminate avian, crocodylomorphs, gekkotan squamates) sharing the same nesting area.
  • Identification of four distinct eggshell morphotypes within the site.

Conclusions:

  • This site represents the earliest fossil evidence of vertebrate nest site sharing.
  • Other vertebrates may have utilized the nesting site, potentially exploiting the presence of a large bird colony.
  • The findings provide significant insights into the paleoecology and social behaviors of Late Cretaceous vertebrates.