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Small teams drive disruptive scientific innovation, while large teams develop existing fields. Supporting diverse team sizes is crucial for a healthy science and technology ecosystem.

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Area of Science:

  • Science and Technology Studies
  • Research Collaboration Dynamics
  • Innovation Ecosystems

Background:

  • Global trend shows increasing prevalence of large research teams.
  • Team size growth is linked to scientific specialization, communication tech, and complex problems.
  • Understanding how team size impacts scientific output is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in scientific and technological output between small and large research teams.
  • To analyze the disruptive versus developmental nature of work produced by teams of varying sizes.
  • To explore the impact of team size on the long-term success and influence of research.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of over 65 million papers, patents, and software products from 1954-2014.
  • Quantitative comparison of work characteristics based on team size.
  • Examination of citation patterns, development timelines, and impact of research outputs.

Main Results:

  • Smaller teams tend to produce disruptive innovations, drawing on older foundational work.
  • Larger teams focus on developing existing ideas, building on recent and popular advancements.
  • Disruptive work from small teams shows greater future success, though with initial delays.

Conclusions:

  • Both small and large teams are vital for a thriving science and technology landscape.
  • Differences in team output are largely individual-based, not solely due to topic or design.
  • Science policy should encourage a diversity of team sizes to foster innovation and development.