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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

The Emotional Stroop Task: Assessing Cognitive Performance under Exposure to Emotional Content

Published on: June 29, 2016

Emotional Content and Source Memory for Language: Impairment in an Incidental Encoding Task.

Pilar Ferré¹, Montserrat Comesaña², Marc Guasch¹

¹Department of Psychology and CRAMC, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.

Frontiers in Psychology

|February 15, 2019

Summary

Emotion impairs source memory for language in bilinguals during incidental learning, but not intentional learning. This effect was observed for both negative and positive emotional words, highlighting encoding task relevance.

Keywords:

bilingualism emotional words intrinsic source language source memory

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Psycholinguistics

Background:

Research on emotion's effect on source memory shows inconsistent findings.
Mather and colleagues proposed distinguishing intrinsic/extrinsic and goal-relevant/irrelevant features.
Source memory for intrinsic features like language remains less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate source memory for language in Catalan-Spanish bilinguals.
Examine how emotion (negative and positive) affects memory for the language of words.
Determine the influence of intentional versus incidental encoding on emotion's effect on source memory.

Main Methods:

Three experiments were conducted with Catalan-Spanish bilinguals.
Participants completed recognition tasks assessing memory for word presentation language (Catalan/Spanish).
Encoding tasks varied between intentional and incidental, with emotional (negative/positive) and neutral words.

Main Results:

Source memory for language was impaired for emotional words during incidental encoding.
This impairment was not observed when encoding was intentional.
The effect was consistent for both negative and positive emotional words.

Conclusions:

The nature of the encoding task (intentional vs. incidental) modulates the effect of emotion on source memory for language.
Findings support theories emphasizing the role of encoding characteristics in memory performance.
Language, as an intrinsic feature, is susceptible to emotional influences on source memory under specific conditions.