Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Protein-protein Interfaces

Protein-protein Interfaces

Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...

Bonding in Metals

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Alkyl Halides

Alkyl Halides

Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...

Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Nano-vectors for CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing.

Nano today·2026

Same author

Transparent EMI shielding and a thermal insulating optical window based on a randomized metallic mesh and ITO-based coating.

Applied optics·2026

Same author

Colossal Photovoltaic Current in Ferroelectric Oxide by Constructing Defect Band.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Same author

Near-Theoretical-Limit Doping of Poly(benzodifurandione) through Carbonyl-Driven Aminoalkylsilane Attachment.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

Learning Participation and Performance Among Social and Academic Learners in a Nursing Massive Open Online Course: Retrospective Cohort Study.

JMIR medical education·2026

Same author

Identification of GSE1 as a PAX5 fusion partner and characterization of PAX5 fusion signature in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

British journal of haematology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

Published on: October 1, 2019

Interface and Defect Engineering for Metal Halide Perovskite Optoelectronic Devices.

Tae-Hee Han¹, Shaun Tan¹, Jingjing Xue¹

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|February 15, 2019

Summary

Metal halide perovskites offer high efficiency for solar cells and LEDs. Engineering interfaces and defects is key to improving their performance and stability in optoelectronic devices.

Keywords:

defect engineering interface engineering light-emitting diodes perovskite solar cells

More Related Videos

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Published on: September 8, 2017

Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications

Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications

Published on: January 22, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

Published on: October 1, 2019

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films

Published on: September 8, 2017

Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications

Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications

Published on: January 22, 2019

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid-State Physics
Optoelectronics

Background:

Metal halide perovskites exhibit unique optoelectronic properties, driving rapid advancements in solar cells and light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
High power conversion efficiencies (22.7% for solar cells) and external quantum efficiencies (>10% for LEDs) have been reported.
Device performance and operational stability are critically dependent on interfaces and defects within the perovskite material.

Purpose of the Study:

To review strategies for interface and defect engineering in metal halide perovskites.
To explore methods for controlling crystal growth and understanding defect physics.
To provide insights into future research directions for perovskite optoelectronics.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of interface modification techniques.
Analysis of crystal growth control strategies.
Discussion of defect physics in metal halide perovskites.
Examination of recent breakthroughs and future perspectives.

Main Results:

Interface and defect engineering are crucial for optimizing charge carrier behavior and crystal quality.
Various strategies exist to modify interfacial characteristics and control crystal growth.
Understanding defect physics is essential for enhancing device performance and stability.

Conclusions:

Continued focus on interface and defect engineering is vital for advancing metal halide perovskite optoelectronics.
Future research should explore novel strategies for defect passivation and interface control.
The field holds significant promise for next-generation solar cells and LEDs.