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Objective and biological markers in bipolar spectrum presentations.

Trisha Chakrabarty1, Lakshmi N Yatham1

  • 1a Department of Psychiatry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada.

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
|February 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subthreshold bipolarity presentations may share biological markers with diagnosed bipolar disorders (BD), suggesting a potential continuum. Further research into these objective markers is crucial for understanding and treating these conditions effectively.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderbiomarkerbipolar spectrum disorderscognitiongeneticinflammatory cytokineneuroimagingsubthreshold bipolar disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Subthreshold presentations of bipolarity (BSPs) present diagnostic challenges.
  • It remains unclear if BSPs are pathophysiologically linked to diagnosed bipolar disorders (BD).
  • Limited examination of objective markers exists for BSPs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on genetic, neurobiological, cognitive, and peripheral markers in BSPs.
  • To compare these markers with those identified in traditionally defined BDs.
  • To explore potential shared biological underpinnings between BSPs and BDs.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies on subthreshold hypo/manic symptoms.
  • Inclusion of clinical and non-clinical populations.
  • Contextualization of findings within established BD marker research.

Main Results:

  • Mixed results regarding objective and biological markers in BSPs.
  • Reported abnormalities in brain structure/functioning, inflammatory markers, and cognition.
  • Some evidence suggests shared hypersensitivity to reward and positive stimuli between BSPs and BDs, differentiating them from unipolar depression.

Conclusions:

  • Objective markers for BSPs are not yet conclusive, with findings potentially indicating broader affective pathology.
  • Increased reward sensitivity may be a key shared feature between BSPs and BDs.
  • Further investigation of these markers is essential for improved understanding and therapeutic strategies for BSPs.