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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

70.8K
A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
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Physical Properties Affecting Solubility02:19

Physical Properties Affecting Solubility

26.4K
Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...
26.4K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.1K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
68.1K
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

37.0K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
37.0K
Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

57.1K
Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
The...
57.1K
Solubility03:00

Solubility

21.1K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
21.1K

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Resin Swelling in Mixed Solvents Analysed using Hansen Solubility Parameter Space.

Yanrui Ran1, Fergal Byrne1, Ian D V Ingram1

  • 1Green chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|February 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Resin swelling in mixed solvents is predictable using Hansen solubility parameters (HSP). This method identifies optimal green solvent mixtures for solid-phase peptide synthesis and polystyrene dissolution, replacing traditional solvents.

Keywords:
Hansen solubility parametersbinary mixturegreen chemistryresin-swellingsolid-phase peptide synthesissolvents

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Resin swelling is critical for solid-phase synthesis and material dissolution.
  • Traditional solvent mixtures often involve hazardous chemicals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To predict and optimize resin swelling in binary solvent mixtures.
  • To explore the use of Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) for this prediction.
  • To identify effective green solvent alternatives for specific applications.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated swelling of Merrifield and HypoGel 200 resins in binary solvent mixtures.
  • Utilized Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) space to map swelling regions.
  • Correlated resin swelling with the HSP of individual solvents and their mixtures.

Main Results:

  • Resin swelling did not vary linearly with solvent composition.
  • HSP space effectively defined high, medium, and low swelling regions.
  • A binary mixture of green solvents showed superior performance for peptide synthesis on Merrifield resin.
  • HSP predictions identified green solvent mixtures capable of dissolving polystyrene.

Conclusions:

  • HSP mapping provides a predictive tool for resin swelling in mixed solvents.
  • Green solvent mixtures can effectively replace traditional hazardous solvents in synthesis and dissolution.
  • This methodology enhances the development of sustainable chemical processes.