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Polymerization-Enhanced Two-Photon Photosensitization for Precise Photodynamic Therapy.

Shaowei Wang1, Wenbo Wu1, Purnima Manghnani1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117585 , Singapore.

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|February 15, 2019
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Summary

Polymerizing small-molecule photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission creates bright, efficient materials for two-photon excited photodynamic therapy (2PE-PDT). These new polymers show promise for precise deep-tissue cancer treatment.

Keywords:
aggregation-induced emissionconjugated polymerphotodynamic therapyphotosensitizertwo-photon

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Two-photon excited photodynamic therapy (2PE-PDT) offers precise deep-tissue cancer treatment.
  • Developing effective photosensitizers (PSs) with high singlet oxygen (¹O₂) generation and two-photon absorption (2PA) is crucial but challenging.
  • Molecular design limitations hinder the availability of ideal PSs for 2PE-PDT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel conjugated polymer photosensitizers for enhanced 2PE-PDT.
  • To investigate the impact of polymerizing aggregation-induced emission (AIE) small-molecule PSs on their photophysical properties.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of these novel PSs in cancer treatment models.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of conjugated polymer PSs incorporating AIE units.
  • Preparation of AIE PS dots via nanoprecipitation.
  • Assessment of 2PA cross-sections and ¹O₂ generation efficiencies.
  • In vitro evaluation of cancer cell ablation and in vivo testing in zebrafish liver tumors.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized conjugated polymer PSs exhibited high brightness and efficient ¹O₂ generation.
  • The polymer PSs demonstrated large 2PA cross-sections.
  • AIE PS dots showed outstanding performance in both in vitro cancer cell ablation and in vivo zebrafish tumor treatment.
  • The strategy effectively overcame molecular design challenges for PS development.

Conclusions:

  • Polymerization of AIE small-molecule PSs is a viable strategy to create highly efficient PSs for 2PE-PDT.
  • The developed conjugated polymer PSs offer a promising platform for advanced cancer therapy.
  • This approach facilitates the design of brighter and more effective PSs with improved 2PA properties.