[Modern approaches to dietary support for patients with diabetic nephropathy]

The article presents modern approaches to dietary support of patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) characterized by gradual sclerosis of the renal tissue, leading to a loss of filtration and nitrogen excretory function of the kidneys. An analysis of publications of domestic and foreign authors indicates a slowdown in the progression of chronic kidney disease against the background of low-protein diets. However, the role of protein restriction and its qualitative composition in the diet of patients with DN is the subject of comprehensive discussion. KDOQI (2007) Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Practice Guidelines for Kidney Disease determine the target level of protein intake in individuals with diabetes and chronic kidney disease 1-4 stages at the level of 0.8 g/kg of body weight per day. In the recommendations on nutrition for patients with DN, along with a controlled reduction in protein content, great importance is attached to reducing sodium intake from food to 1.5-2.3 g per day. In recent years, close attention has been paid to the use of highly active natural antioxidants for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes, including DN, which was determined by the results of studies demonstrating their beneficial effects on DN patterns. It has been shown that one of the ways to optimize the nutrition of patients with DN is the use of specialized foods modified by protein, fat and carbohydrate composition, including food ingredients with hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects.