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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers01:48

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

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Skeletal muscles continuously produce ATP to provide the energy that enables muscle contractions. Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three types based on differences in their contraction speed and how they produce ATP, as well as physical differences related to these factors. Most human muscles contain all three muscle fiber types, albeit in varying proportions.
Slow-Twitch Muscle Fibers
Slow oxidative, muscle fibers appear red due to large numbers of capillaries and high levels of...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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What is the Skeletal System?01:02

What is the Skeletal System?

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Overview
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Author Spotlight: A Cryoinjury Model for Studying Skeletal Muscle Regeneration of the Caudal Peduncle in Adult Zebrafish
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Author Spotlight: A Cryoinjury Model for Studying Skeletal Muscle Regeneration of the Caudal Peduncle in Adult Zebrafish

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Using zebrafish to study skeletal genomics.

Ronald Y Kwon1, Claire J Watson2, David Karasik3

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Bone
|February 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Zebrafish offer a powerful model for understanding human skeletal genomics after genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Their conserved genetics and amenability to research accelerate gene discovery for skeletal diseases.

Keywords:
Bone diseaseGWASGenomeImagingSkeletonZebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Skeletal Biology
  • Comparative Medicine

Background:

  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic loci associated with skeletal diseases.
  • However, the functional roles of most genes at these loci remain unknown, necessitating effective model systems for further investigation.
  • While mouse models have been extensively used, complementary systems are crucial for accelerating gene discovery in skeletal genomics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model system for advancing human skeletal genomics.
  • To highlight the potential of zebrafish in post-GWAS analysis for skeletal diseases.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and propose future directions for leveraging zebrafish in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Surveying zebrafish skeletal morphophysiology and phenotypes.
  • Reviewing evidence of skeletal gene homology between zebrafish and humans.
  • Examining the application of zebrafish in post-GWAS studies for other organ systems.

Main Results:

  • Zebrafish possess conserved skeletal features and genetic pathways relevant to human skeletal development and disease.
  • The species is amenable to rapid genetic manipulation, facilitating functional studies of GWAS-identified genes.
  • Existing research in other tissues suggests zebrafish can be effectively used for post-GWAS analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Zebrafish present a strong rationale for human skeletal genomic exploration due to conserved features and genetic tractability.
  • Further research is needed to fully bridge the gap between zebrafish mutant phenotypes and human skeletal disease mechanisms.
  • Leveraging established zebrafish tools and knowledge can significantly accelerate the discovery of causal genes and therapeutic targets for skeletal disorders.