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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure01:17

Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction...
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Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure

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The neural regulation of blood pressure involves intricate interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular system, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues. This regulation primarily occurs through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, involving both short-term and long-term mechanisms.
Baroreceptor Reflex
Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch, detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, these stretch-sensitive receptors...
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Blood Pressure01:24

Blood Pressure

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The movement of blood in a human body, commonly referred to as blood flow, is determined by the volume of blood that traverses a certain section of the bodily system per unit time. It is the rhythmic contraction of the heart's ventricles that primarily instigates this movement. As the ventricles contract, blood is forced into the prominent arteries, which then flow from areas of greater pressure to lower pressure areas. This movement continues into smaller arteries and arterioles and...
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Blood Pressure01:30

Blood Pressure

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Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure or force of blood exerted on the artery's walls as it circulates through the body. It is essential for maintaining blood flow throughout the body.
The average BP in an adult is typically around 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). In this measurement, the numerator (120) indicates the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart's ventricles as blood is expelled. The denominator (80) represents the...
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Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

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Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Measuring Blood Pressure in Mice using Volume Pressure Recording, a Tail-cuff Method
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Measuring Blood Pressure in Mice using Volume Pressure Recording, a Tail-cuff Method

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[Neuronal Blood Pressure Regulation].

Angi Diana Eibl1, Hans-Georg Predel1, Tanja Sanders1

  • 1Institut für Kreislaufforschung und Sportmedizin, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln.

Klinische Monatsblatter Fur Augenheilkunde
|February 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Low blood pressure increases glaucoma progression risk, especially in normal-tension glaucoma. Monitoring blood pressure, including nocturnal dipping, is vital for managing glaucoma patients effectively.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Cardiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Neuronal blood pressure control involves the autonomic nervous system.
  • Adequate perfusion pressure is essential for organ function.
  • Ocular perfusion pressure (systemic blood pressure minus intraocular pressure) is critical for optic nerve health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of blood pressure control.
  • To highlight the importance of blood pressure in glaucoma, particularly normal-tension and primary open-angle glaucoma.
  • To emphasize the need for collaboration between internal medicine specialists and ophthalmologists.

Main Methods:

  • Recapitulation of physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of blood pressure regulation.

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  • Discussion of ocular perfusion pressure in relation to glaucoma.
  • Recommendation for 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

    • Main Results:

    • Low blood pressure poses a risk for glaucoma progression, especially in normal-tension glaucoma.
    • Blood pressure management is crucial for patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.
    • Nocturnal blood pressure dipping patterns are significant for glaucoma management.

    Conclusions:

    • Glaucoma patients, particularly those with normal-tension glaucoma, are at risk if they have low blood pressure.
    • 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, focusing on nocturnal dipping, is recommended for all glaucoma patients.
    • Individualized therapeutic strategies considering the interplay between blood pressure and glaucoma are essential.