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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

In vivo Imaging Method to Distinguish Acute and Chronic Inflammation
Published on: August 16, 2013
Biologic therapy and its effect on skeletal development in children with chronic inflammation
Salma Malik1, S Faisal Ahmed1,2
1a Bone & Endocrine Research Group, Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, Glasgow, G3 8SJ, UK.
Abstract:
Chronic inflammatory conditions in children such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, cystic fibrosis and systemic lupus erythematosus can cause reduced linear growth, final height and bone mass. There are many mechanisms leading to these skeletal alterations but inflammation itself is considered to play an important role. Biologic therapy is being used increasingly for the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions and may also be effective in improving growth and skeletal development. The main aim of this article is to summarize the effects of inflammation on growth and skeletal development and evaluate the effects of biologic therapy on growth and skeletal development in children with chronic inflammatory conditions.
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