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Orthotopic Inoculation of Thyroid Cancer Cells into Murine Thyroid: A Procedure to Establish Orthotopic Thyroid Cancer Mouse Model
Published on: April 30, 2023
Novel insights into FOXOlogy: FOXOs and their putative role in thyroid carcinogenesis
Carl Weidinger1, Kerstin Krause1, Dagmar Fuhrer1,2
1a Clinic of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology and Dermatology, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Abstract:
FOXO transcription factors regulate genes directly involved in the control of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA damage repair and antioxidative defense mechanisms. Genetic FOXO alterations and inactivation of FOXOs through oncogenic signaling cascades have been identified in several human cancers and contribute to uncoordinated cellular proliferation. To date, little is known about FOXOs in the thyroid context. In this article we will first provide an introduction into the topic of forkhead transcription factors by explaining the principles of FOXO function and regulation. We will then address specific aspects of FOXO3 function in the thyroid and possible consequences of FOXO3 deregulation in thyroid malignancy. Finally, we discuss the potential role of the PI3K/Akt/FOXO3 axis for a targeted drug therapy of advanced thyroid carcinoma.
Insights
Forkhead box (FOXO) transcription factors are crucial for cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. Their deregulation in thyroid cancer suggests potential therapeutic targets via the PI3K/Akt/FOXO3 pathway.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Cancer Research
- Endocrinology
Background:
- FOXO transcription factors regulate critical cellular processes including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair, and antioxidant defense.
- Alterations and inactivation of FOXOs are implicated in various human cancers, contributing to uncontrolled cell proliferation.
- The role of FOXOs in thyroid cancer remains largely unexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce forkhead transcription factors, detailing FOXO function and regulation.
- To investigate the specific function of FOXO3 in the thyroid gland.
- To explore the consequences of FOXO3 deregulation in thyroid malignancy and its therapeutic potential.
Main Methods:
- Review of FOXO transcription factor principles, function, and regulation.
- Analysis of FOXO3's specific role within the thyroid context.
- Discussion of the PI3K/Akt/FOXO3 signaling pathway in advanced thyroid carcinoma.
Main Results:
- FOXO factors are key regulators of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair, and antioxidative mechanisms.
- FOXO alterations contribute to uncoordinated cell proliferation in several human cancers.
- FOXO3 deregulation in the thyroid may lead to malignancy.
Conclusions:
- FOXO3 plays a significant role in thyroid function and malignancy.
- The PI3K/Akt/FOXO3 axis represents a potential therapeutic target for advanced thyroid carcinoma.
- Further research into FOXO3 function can advance targeted drug therapies for thyroid cancer.
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