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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

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Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Tirzepatide compared with semaglutide in obesity disease: a subpopulation analysis applying Japan Society for the Study of Obesity criteria in the global SURMOUNT-5 trial.

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Related Experiment Video

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Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data
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Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data

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Advanced neuroimaging in obesity.

Julia P Dunn1, Naji N Abumrad2

  • 1a Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2213 Garland Avenue, 7465 MRBIV, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. julia.dunn@vanderbilt.edu.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
|February 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Recent advances in neuroimaging are revealing the brain

Keywords:
PETdopaminefunctional MRIneuroimagingobesityreceptor

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Obesity is a complex, burdensome disease requiring multidisciplinary approaches.
  • Basic science research increasingly highlights the brain's critical role in obesity.
  • Investigating the brain's function in obesity has been historically limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the symposium on 'Neuroimaging in Obesity' from The Obesity Society's annual meeting.
  • To highlight advancements in understanding the brain's role in obesity through neuroimaging.
  • To present the perspectives of leading experts in the emerging field of neuroimaging in obesity.

Main Methods:

  • The review focuses on presentations from a specific symposium on neuroimaging in obesity.
  • It synthesizes information from leading scientists and healthcare professionals.
  • Discussions cover recent advances in biomedical imaging techniques relevant to obesity.

Main Results:

  • Neuroimaging techniques are increasingly crucial for studying the brain's involvement in obesity.
  • The symposium showcased the potential of these technologies to advance obesity research.
  • Key findings from basic science presentations on neural mechanisms were discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimaging offers novel insights into the complex pathophysiology of obesity.
  • This field is rapidly evolving, driven by technological advancements.
  • Further research utilizing neuroimaging is essential for developing effective obesity interventions.