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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Related Experiment Videos

Thyroid autoimmunity, infertility and miscarriage.

Gerasimos E Krassas1, Petros Perros2, Athina Kaprara3

  • 1a Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Panagia General Hospital, N. Plastira 22, Thessaloniki, 551 32 Greece. krassas@the.forthnet.gr.

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism
|February 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) is linked to infertility and miscarriage in women. This review examines the evidence connecting TAI and reproductive issues in euthyroid women.

Keywords:
fertilizationautoimmunitymiscarriagepregnancy lossthyroid

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) is increasingly recognized as a factor influencing reproductive health.
  • Existing research suggests a correlation between thyroid autoantibodies and infertility or recurrent miscarriage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on the association between TAI and miscarriage in euthyroid women.
  • To explore potential mechanisms linking TAI to infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies focusing on TAI, infertility, and miscarriage in women of reproductive age.
  • Analysis of data from healthy women, those with recurrent miscarriage, and undergoing assisted conception.

Main Results:

  • Most studies indicate a significant association between thyroid autoantibodies and increased rates of infertility and miscarriage.
  • Evidence confirms a strong relationship between TAI and miscarriage in euthyroid females.
  • Pathogenetic mechanisms linking TAI to infertility require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid autoimmunity is significantly associated with infertility and miscarriage in euthyroid women.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying these associations.