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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

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Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Dissecting Cellular Heterogeneity Using Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.

Yoon Ha Choi1, Jong Kyoung Kim1

  • 1Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea.

Molecules and Cells
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell-to-cell variability in gene expression is common. This review covers single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) methods and computational tools to analyze cellular heterogeneity and gene expression variability.

Keywords:
RNA sequencingcellular heterogeneitysingle-cellsingle-cell genomicssingle-cell transcriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Cell-to-cell variability in gene expression is a fundamental biological phenomenon.
  • Understanding this heterogeneity is crucial for development, homeostasis, and response to perturbations.
  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers a powerful tool to quantify cellular heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of scRNA-seq protocols.
  • To discuss computational approaches for dissecting cellular heterogeneity.
  • To highlight future directions in single-cell transcriptomic analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on scRNA-seq protocols.
  • Analysis of computational strategies for scRNA-seq data.
  • Synthesis of current understanding and future trends in the field.

Main Results:

  • scRNA-seq enables quantitative and unbiased characterization of cellular heterogeneity.
  • Various computational methods exist to analyze cell-to-cell variability in gene expression.
  • The field is rapidly evolving with new protocols and analytical approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Dissecting cellular heterogeneity is essential for understanding biological systems.
  • scRNA-seq is a key technology for studying this heterogeneity.
  • Further development of computational tools is needed to fully leverage scRNA-seq data.