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The diagnosis of multiple personality disorder. A critical review
1Psychiatry, Bethlem Royal and Maudsley Hospital, London.
Abstract:
Recently, there has been a dramatic rise in the number of case reports of multiple personality disorder (MPD). The phenomenology of the disorder is described and theories on aetiology are discussed. A review of the recent literature reveals a poverty of information on reliability of diagnosis, prevalence, or the role of selection bias. It is argued that iatrogenic factors may contribute to the development of the syndrome. There is little evidence from genetic or physiological studies to suggest that MPD represents a distinct psychiatric disorder. It is assumed that MPD is an hysterical symptom, and an attempt is made to catalogue the predisposing factors and influences that may lead to the clinical presentation.
Insights
The rise in multiple personality disorder (MPD) cases may be influenced by iatrogenic factors, with limited evidence supporting it as a distinct psychiatric disorder. Further research is needed on diagnosis reliability and prevalence.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Psychology
Background:
- A notable increase in case reports of multiple personality disorder (MPD) has been observed.
- The phenomenology and etiological theories of MPD are discussed in existing literature.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on multiple personality disorder (MPD).
- To investigate the reliability of MPD diagnosis, prevalence, and potential iatrogenic factors.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on multiple personality disorder (MPD).
- Analysis of diagnostic criteria, prevalence data, and etiological theories.
Main Results:
- Information regarding diagnostic reliability, prevalence, and selection bias in MPD is scarce.
- Iatrogenic factors may play a role in the development of MPD.
- Limited genetic or physiological evidence supports MPD as a distinct psychiatric disorder.
Conclusions:
- Multiple personality disorder (MPD) may be considered an hysterical symptom.
- Predisposing factors and influences contributing to MPD presentation require further cataloging and study.