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Related Concept Videos

Spontaneity02:21

Spontaneity

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A spontaneous process is one that occurs naturally under certain conditions. A nonspontaneous process, on the other hand, will not take place unless it is “driven” by the continual input of energy from an external source. Processes have a natural tendency to occur in one direction under a given set of conditions. Water will naturally flow downhill (spontaneous process), but uphill flow (nonspontaneous process) requires outside intervention such as the use of a pump. Iron exposed to...
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Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
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Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Effects of Temperature on Free Energy02:11

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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
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What is the Skeletal System?01:02

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Overview
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Second Law of Thermodynamics02:49

Second Law of Thermodynamics

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In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic models, the...
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Evaluation of Stem Cell Therapies in a Bilateral Patellar Tendon Injury Model in Rats
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Evaluation of Stem Cell Therapies in a Bilateral Patellar Tendon Injury Model in Rats

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Spontaneous simultaneous bilateral patellar tendon rupture.

James Foley1, Rawan Elhelali1, Dineo Moiloa1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Sligo University Hospital, Sligo, Ireland.

BMJ Case Reports
|February 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Simultaneous bilateral patellar tendon rupture is rare in healthy individuals. This case report details a successful surgical repair and rehabilitation, restoring function after this uncommon injury.

Keywords:
emergency medicineorthopaedicssports and exercise medicinetendon rupturetrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Bilateral patellar tendon rupture is exceptionally rare, particularly in individuals without underlying systemic conditions.
  • Predisposing factors like steroid or fluoroquinolone use are often implicated, but not always present.

Observation:

  • A case of a healthy male patient presenting with simultaneous, spontaneous bilateral patellar tendon rupture is described.
  • The patient had a history of unilateral patellar tendinopathy but no other known risk factors.

Findings:

  • The patient underwent surgical repair for both ruptured patellar tendons.
  • Successful functional recovery was achieved following intensive rehabilitation.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the possibility of spontaneous bilateral patellar tendon rupture even without typical risk factors.
  • It underscores the importance of prompt surgical intervention and comprehensive rehabilitation for optimal outcomes in rare tendon injuries.