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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Electrical Current01:10

Electrical Current

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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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Current Density01:21

Current Density

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The total amount of current flowing through one unit value of a cross-sectional area is referred to as current density. If the current flow is uniform, the amount of current flowing through a conductor is the same at all points along the conductor, even if the conductor area varies. The current density consists of the local magnitude and direction of the charge flow, which varies from point to point. Current density is measured in amperes per meter square, and direction is defined as the net...
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Eddy Currents01:25

Eddy Currents

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Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
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Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Ultrasound Cyclo Plasty in Eyes with Glaucoma
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Current management of glaucoma.

Jed Lusthaus1,2, Ivan Goldberg1,2

  • 1University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW.

The Medical Journal of Australia
|February 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is key for treating glaucoma. New eye drops, laser treatments, and minimally invasive surgeries offer improved options, with future innovations focusing on advanced drug delivery systems.

Keywords:
GlaucomaLaser therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Glaucoma Research
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Glaucoma is irreversible optic neuropathy, managed by lowering intraocular pressure (IOP).
  • Current treatments like eye drops and oral agents have limitations, including systemic side effects and adherence issues.
  • Established treatments like trabeculectomy remain gold standard despite advancements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in glaucoma treatment.
  • To highlight novel IOP-lowering medications and surgical techniques.
  • To discuss future directions in drug delivery for glaucoma management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on glaucoma treatments.
  • Analysis of newly approved IOP-lowering eye drops (netarsudil, latanoprostene bunod).
  • Discussion of selective laser trabeculoplasty and minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS).

Main Results:

  • New eye drops target the conventional aqueous outflow system with novel mechanisms.
  • Selective laser trabeculoplasty and MIGS offer alternatives or adjuncts to traditional therapies.
  • Drug-eluting devices and implants show promise for improved drug delivery and efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advancements provide diverse options for IOP management in glaucoma.
  • Novel medications and surgical techniques enhance treatment efficacy and patient adherence.
  • Future innovations in drug delivery systems are expected to further revolutionize glaucoma care.