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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation Numbers03:14

Oxidation Numbers

42.5K
In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
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Pyruvate Oxidation01:15

Pyruvate Oxidation

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After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

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Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
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Responses to Salt Stress02:02

Responses to Salt Stress

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Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.
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Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

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In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 29, 2026

Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Embryos
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Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Embryos

Published on: July 7, 2014

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Oxidative Stress and Cancer.

James E Klaunig1

  • 1School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|February 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Oxidative stress and oxidative damage are key factors in cancer development and progression. Understanding these processes is crucial for cancer prevention and treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Cancer is a leading global cause of death, with environmental factors and lifestyle choices contributing to approximately 90% of cases.
  • Cancer arises from a multistage process involving genetic mutations and uncontrolled cell proliferation.
  • Oxidative stress and damage are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to cancer initiation and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species in cancer development.
  • To explore how endogenous and exogenous sources of reactive oxygen species contribute to cellular oxidative stress.
  • To examine the impact of oxidative stress on cellular macromolecules and gene expression relevant to cancer.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
CancerROSchemical exposureetiologygenetic inheritanceoxidative stress.

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  • Literature review focusing on the mechanisms of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis.
  • Analysis of how reactive oxygen species damage DNA and other cellular components.
  • Investigation of oxidative stress-mediated modulation of gene expression, including transcription factors and DNA repair pathways.

    • Main Results:

    • Increased oxidative stress from various sources can damage critical cellular macromolecules, particularly DNA, leading to mutations.
    • Oxidative stress influences gene expression patterns, affecting pathways involved in DNA repair, cell proliferation, and antioxidant defense.
    • Genetic variations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair and antioxidant genes, can modify individual cancer risk.

    Conclusions:

    • Oxidative stress and subsequent oxidative damage are significant contributors to both the formation and advancement of cancer.
    • The interplay between reactive oxygen species, cellular damage, and gene expression modulation is central to understanding cancer etiology.
    • Individual susceptibility to cancer may be influenced by genetic factors affecting the response to oxidative stress.